Mahan, Alfred Th.

Alfred Thayer Mahan

*27.09.1840 in West Point, New York
† 01.12.1914 in Washington, D.C.

US-amerikanischer Admiral, Marinehistoriker, Seemachttheoretiker, Navalist, Imperialist; Mahan hatte großen Einfluss auf Theodore Roosevelt, war Befürworter des Panama-Kanals und des Erwerbs von US-Stützpunkten im Pazifik (u.a. Hawaii); Einfluß auf Wilhelm II. und die deutsche Flottenrüstung vor dem 1. Weltkrieg unter der Ägide von Tirpitz, nachdem eine informelle Übersetzung von Mahans Hauptwerk ins Deutsche zirkulierte. Dadurch hatte er ebenfalls Einfluss auf die britische Gegenrüstung (Dreadnaughts), die von den britischen "Navalists" formuliert wurde

Werdegang

1840 geboren als Sohn von Dennis Hart Mahan, Dekan und Professor für Bau- und Militäringenieurwesen an der United States Military Academy
Schulbesuch des St. James School, Hagerstown, Mayland
1854 Columbia College, New York
1856-1859: Studium an der United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland
1861: Ernennung zum Lieutnant
1865: Ernennung zum Lieutenant Commander
1872: Ernennung zum Commander
1885: Ernennung zum Captain
seit 1886: Lehre der Marinegeschichte und -strategie am Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island
1889-1892: Mitarbeiter im Bureau of Navigation der US Navy
1906: Ernennung zum Konteradmiral

Auszeichnungen

Ehrendoktorwürden:

Harvard Universität in Cambridge, Massachusetts
Yale Universität in New Haven, Connecticut,
Columbia Universität in New York City, New York
Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire
McGill in Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Oxford University

Primärliteratur

Bücher:

The Gulf and Inland Waters . New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1883. (online frei verfügbar)

The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1783. London: Sampson Low Marston 1889. (dt. Der Einfluß der Seemacht auf die Geschichte 1660-1812. Überarb. u. hrsg. von Gustav-Adolf Wolter. Herford: Koehler 1967.)

The Influence of Sea Power upon the French Revolution and Empire, 1793–1812. Boston: Little, Brown & Co 1892. 2 Bde.

Admiral Farragut. New York: D. Appleton 1892.

The Interest of America in Sea Power, Present and Future. Boston: Little, Brown & Co. 1897. (online frei verfügbar)

The Life of Nelson: The Embodiment of Sea Power of Great Britan. 2 Bde. Boston: Little, Brown 1897.

Lessons of the War with Spain and Other Articles. Boston: Little, Brown 1899.

The Story of War in South Africa, 1899-1900. London 1900.

The War in South Africa. New York 1900.

The Problem of Asia and Its Effect Upon International Policies. Boston: Little, Brown 1900.

Types of Naval Officers Drawn from the History of the British Navy. Boston: Little, Brown 1901.

Retrospect and Protect: Studies in International Relations, Naval and Political. Boston: Little, Brown 1902.

Sea Power in Its Relations to the War of 1812. Boston: Little, Brown 1905. 2 Bde.

Some Neglected Aspects of War. Boston: Little, Brown 1907.

Autobiografie: From Sail to Steam: Recollections of Naval Life. New York/London: Harper & Brothers 1907.

Naval Administration and Warfare: Some General Principles, with Other Essays. Boston: Little, Brown 1908.

Die weiße Rasse und die Seeherrschaft. Wien u. a.: Lumen 1909.

The Harvest Within: Thoughts on the Life of a Christian. Boston: Little, Brown 1909.

Naval Strategy, Compared with Principles of Military Operations on Land. Boston: Little, Brown 1911.

Armaments and Arbitration. The Place of Force in the International Relations of States. New York: Harper 1912.

The Major Operations of the Navies in the War of Independence. Boston: Little, Brown 1913.

The Interest of America in Sea Power, Present and Future. Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press 1970. (Nachdruck der Ausgabe von 1897)

Naval Strategy Compared and Contrasted with the Principles and Practice of Military Operations on Land. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 1975.

Sekundärliteratur

Bowling, R. A.: The Negative Influence of Mahan on Anti-Submarine Warfare. In: RUSI Journal for Defence Studies 122, December 1977, S. 52-59.

Brent, Robert: Mahan - Mariner or Misfit? In: U. S. Naval Institute Proceedings 92, April 1966, 92-103.

Brunson, Clarence E.: Alfred Thayer Mahan - Philosopher, Strategist, Propagandist. Maxwell AFB, AL: Air Command and Staff College 1965.

Cane, Guy: Seapower--Teddy's "Big Stick." (Alfred Mahan's Influence on Theodore Roosevelt and U. S. History). In: U. S. Naval Institute Proceedings 102, August 1976, S. 40-48.

Campbell, E. G.: Mahan's Message on the Merchant Marine. In: U. S. Naval Institute Proceedings 86, May 1960, S. 92-95.

Cerny, Joseph P.: Alfred Thayer Mahan: The Man, His works, and His Impact Upon the World of Yesterday and Today. Maxwell AFB, AL: Air War College 1971.

Chaliand, Gerard (Hrsg.): Alfred Thayer Mahan (1810-1914): Naval Strategy. In: Ders.: Art of War in World History: From Antiquity to the Nuclear Age. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press 1994. S. 787-807.

Corgan, Michael T. Mahan and Theodore Roosevelt: The Assessment of Influence. In: Naval War College Review 33, November-December 1980, S. 89-97.

Crowl, Philip A.: Alfred Thayer Mahan: The Naval Historian. In: Makers of Modern Strategy from Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age. Princeton: Princeton University 1986. 16. S. 444-477.

Duncan, Francis: Mahan - Historian with a Purpose. In: Naval Institute Proceedings 83, May 1957, S. 498-503.

Ellicott, J. M.: Sidelights on Mahan. U. S. Naval Institute Proceedings 74, October 1948, S. 1247-1249.

Elting, John R.: The Superstrategists: Great Captains, Theorists, and Fighting Men Who Have Shaped the History of Warfare. New York, Scribner's Sons, 1985. S. 194-200.

Etzold, Thomas H.: Is Mahan Still Valid? In: U. S. Naval Institute Proceedings 106, August 1980, S. 38-43.

Field, James A.: Jr. Alfred Thayer Mahan Speaks for Himself. In: Naval War College Review 29, Fall 1976, S. 47-60.

Glick, Edward B. Mahan: The Influence of a Historian on History. In: Military Review 52, April 1972, S. 31-34.

Gough, Barry M.: Maritime Strategy: The Legacies of Mahan and Corbett as Philosophers of Sea Power. RUSI Journal 133, Winter 1988, S. 55-62.

Hagan, Kenneth J.: Alfred Thayer Mahan, Turning America Back to the Sea. In: Merli, Frank J./Wilson, Theodore A. (Hrsg.): Makers of American Diplomacy: From Benjamin Franklin to Henry Kissinger. New York: Scribner 1974. S. 279-304.

Hattendorf, John B. (Hrsg.): The Influence of History on Mahan: The Proceedings of a Conference Marking the Centenary of Alfred Thayer Mahan's 'The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660-1783’. Newport, RI: Naval War College Press 1991.

Hattendorf, John B.: Alfred Thayer Mahan and American Naval Theory. In: Neilson, Keith/Errington, Elizabeth J. (Hrsg.): Navies and Global Defense: Theories and Strategy. Westport, CT: Praeger 1995. S. 51-67.

Hayes, John D.: Peripheral Strategy - Mahan's Doctrine Today. In: U. S. Naval Institute Proceedings 79, November 1953, S. 1185-1193.

Iriye, Akira: The Second Clash: Huntington, Mahan, and Civilizations. In: Harvard International Review 19, no. 2, 1997.

Karsten, Peter: The Nature of "Influence": Roosevelt, Mahan and the Concept of Sea Power. In: American Quarterly 23, October 1971, S. 585-600.

Kennedy, Paul M.: Mahan versus Mackinder. In: Ders.: The Rise and Fall of British Naval Mastery. New York: Scribner 1976. S. 177-202.

Kennedy, Paul M.: Mahan versus Mackinder: Two Interpretations of British Sea Power. In: Ders.: Strategy and Diplomacy 1870-1945. Boston: Allen & Unwin 1983. S. 41-85.

LaFeber, Walter: A Note on the "Mercantilistic Imperialism" of Alfred Thayer Mahan. In: Mississippi Valley Historical Review 48.1962, 4. S. 674-685.

Livezey, William E.: Mahan on Sea Power. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press 1981.

Macris, Jeffery R.: Is Mahan Relevant? In: U. S. Naval Institute Proceedings 121, May 1995, S. 72-76.

Moll, Kenneth L.: A. T. Mahan, American Historian. In: Military Affairs 27, Fall 1963, S. 131-140.

Murray, Gordon L.: Mahan Revisited. Maxwell AFB, AL: Air War College 1973. Murray, Gordon L.: Mahan Revisited. Maxwell AFB, AL: Air War College 1973.

Neumann, William L.: Franklin Delano Roosevelt: A Disciple of Admiral Mahan. In: U. S. Naval Institute Proceedings 78, July 1952, S. 713-719.

Newell, William E.: Mahan - A Strategy for World Power under Nuclear Stalemate. Maxwell AFB, AL: Air War College 1971.

Plaggemeier, Siegfried: Admiral A. T. Mahan. In: Zeitschrift für Geopolitik 18. 1941, 11. S. 591-600.

Pollock, Thomas R.: The Historical Elements of Mahanian Doctrine. In: Naval War College Review 35, July-August 1982, S. 44-49.

Pratt, Julius W.: Alfred Thayer Mahan. In: Hutchinson, William T. (Hrsg.): The Marcus W. Jernegan Essays in American Historiography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1937.

Proksch, Reto: Alfred Thayer Mahan, seine Thesen und sein Einfluss auf die Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik der USA. Frankfurt a. M.: Peter Lang 2002.

Puleston, William D.: Mahan: The Life and Work of Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press 1939.

Puleston, William D.: A Reexamination of Mahan's Concept of Seapower. In: U. S. Naval Institute Proceedings 66, September 1940, S. 1229-1236.

Reitzel, William: Mahan on the Use of the Sea. In: Naval War College Review 25, May-June 1973, S. 73-82.

Robertson, J. Michael: Alfred Thayer Mahan and the Geopolitcs of Asia. In: Comparative Strategy 15, no.4, 1996, S. 353-366.

Romance, Francis J.: A Chinese Commentary on Mahan's Theory of Seapower. In: U. S. Naval Institute Proceedings 105, April 1979, S. 110-112.

Russell, W.H.: Mahan. In: Hahlweg, Werner (Hrsg.): Klassiker der Kriegskunst. Darmstadt: Wehr und Wissensch Verlagsgesellschaft 1960. S. 319-345.

Schössler, Dietmar: Clausewitz - Engels - Mahan. Grundriss einer Ideengeschichte militärischen Denkens. Münster: Litt 2009.

Schratz, Paul: Mahan: Philosopher of Sea Power. In: Shipmate 41,3, December 1978.

Seager, Robert/Maguire, Doris D. (Hrsg.): Letters and Papers of Alfred Thayer Mahan. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press 1975.

Seager, Robert: Alfred Thayer Mahan: The Man and His Letters. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press 1977.

Seager, Robert: Alfred Thayer Mahan: Christian Expansionist, Navalist, and Historian. In: Bradford, James C. (Hrsg.): Admirals of the New Steel Navy: Makers of the American Naval Tradition, 1880-1930. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press 1990. S. 24-72.

Seymour, Janet L.: Mahan, Alfred Thayer, 1840-1914: American Naval Historian and Strategist. Advocate of Sea Power as a Determinant of Our Nation's Strength. Air University Library, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama 1998.

Sprout, Harold/Sprout, Margaret: Alfred Thayer Mahan: Sea Power and the New Manifest Destiny (1889-1897). In: Sprout, Harold/Sprout, Margaret: The Rise of American Naval Power, 1776-1918. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press 1939. S. 202-222.

Sprout, Harold/Sprout, Margaret: Mahan Vindicated: The War with Spain (1887-1901). In: Sprout, Harold/Sprout, Margaret: The Rise of American Naval Power, 1776-1918. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press 1939. S. 223-249.

Sprout, Harold/Sprout, Margaret: Mahan Truimphant: The Naval Policy of Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909). In: Sprout, Harold/Sprout, Margaret: The Rise of American Naval Power, 1776-1918. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press 1939. S. 250-280.

Sprout, Margaret: Mahan: Evangelist of Sea Power. In: Earle, Edward Mead (Hrsg.): Makers of Modern Strategy: Military Thought from Machiavelli to Hitler. Princeton: Princeton University Press 1943. S. 415-445.
(Zweite Aufl. Princeton: Princeton University Press 1973)

Sprout, Margaret T.: Mahan: Evangelist of Seapower. In: Dies.: The Art and Practice of Military Strategy. Washington: National Defense University 1984. S. 111-138.

Tarlton, Charles D.: The Styles of American International Thought: Mahan, Bryan and Lippmann. In: World Politics 17.1965, 4. S. 584-614.

Taylor, Charles Carlisle: The Life of Admiral Mahan. New York: George H. Doran Company 1920.

Bibliographien

Hattendorf, John B./Hattendorf, Lynn C.: A Bibliography of the Works of Alfred Thayer Mahan. Newport, Rhode Island: Naval War College Press 1986.

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